Robotics - total control on repeatability and accuracy

High-accuracy encoder technologies are vital in robotics, where accuracy, repeatability, and control are critical requirements. Encoders track motor shaft rotation in order to calculate real-time position with pinpoint accuracy and high resolution, thereby guaranteeing the accuracy of your robot's every movement.

The vital role of encoders in robotics


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Wafer handling in semiconductor industry


In semiconductor fabrication, wafers undergo a series of complex processes to become integrated circuit (IC) units. These fragile and high-value components are transferred between process stations using wafer-transfer robots, which must operate with exceptional stability and accuracy.

Encoders are embedded in robotic arms to provide real-time position feedback, ensuring precise alignment and preventing damage during wafer manipulation.

➤ Encoders for robotic precision and reliability


Renishaw’s AksIM-2™ absolute magnetic encoder is a non-contact, off-axis solution designed for compact installations. It delivers high repeatability and robust performance, even in space-constrained environments.

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An automate robot arm handling silicon wafers and microcircuits during fabrication.



Microelectronics assembly


In microelectronics, robotic systems must position components with micron-level accuracy to ensure proper alignment and connectivity. Even the slightest deviation can result in defective assemblies or costly rework.

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➤ Encoders for high-accuracy robotic component placement


Renishaw's ATOM™ optical incremental encoders combines a miniaturised form factor with exceptional signal stability, making it ideal for precision robotic arms used in microchip and component assembly.


Pick-and-place robotics


Pick-and-place robots are widely used in electronics, packaging, and logistics to transfer components with speed and precision.

Encoders ensure that robotic arms move to exact positions, enabling efficient, error-free assembly.

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High-precision robotic arms installing components onto circuit boards within a fully automated PCB assembly line.

➤ Encoders for fast and precise motion control


The LinACE™ absolute magnetic encoder is an extremely robust linear cylindrical system designed to be integrated into the servomechanism as a transducer. It provides accurate position and velocity feedback, and can be embedded directly into hydraulic, pneumatic, or electromechanical actuators.



High-speed robotic packaging


In high-speed packaging environments, robots must pick products from conveyor belts and place them into packaging with speed and precision. Encoders enable robotic arms to perform these tasks reliably, even under harsh industrial conditions.

➤ Encoders for fast and reliable robotic automation


Renishaw’s compact encoders, such as ATOM™ optical incremental encoders and AksIM-2™ absolute rotary encoder, offer precise feedback and low power consumption, making them ideal for battery-powered and space-constrained robotic systems.

Their lightweight design supports flexible integration across a wide range of robot types, helping engineers achieve energy-efficient, high-performance motion control.


Surgical robotics


In medical robotics, such as robot-assisted surgery (RAS), encoders enable surgeons to control robotic arms with precision during delicate procedures, ensuring accurate movements and minimising risks.

➤ Miniature encoders for safe and precise robotic-assisted procedures


The RM08 miniature rotary magnetic encoder and AksIM-2™ off-axis absolute rotary magnetic encoder are commonly used in surgical applications due to their high levels of reliability and compact design.

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Robot-assisted procedure during minimally invasive surgery using a medical robot


Encoders for modern robotics – enabling design flexibility and energy efficiency


Renishaw’s versatile range of optical and magnetic encoders delivers precise position feedback, even in harsh industrial environments.

➤ Scalable encoder technology for diverse robotic applications


Products such as the ATOM™ miniature optical encoders and the AksIM-2™ absolute magnetic encoder are engineered with compact footprints and lightweight construction, making them ideal for integration into space-constrained robotic systems.

These encoders support flexible mechanical designs, enabling seamless integration into a wide variety of robot types—from collaborative arms and autonomous mobile robots to surgical and pick-and-place systems.

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Encoders in a robotic arm support functions such as joint positioning, speed feedback, linear extension measurement, rotary positioning, and gripper control.


For battery-powered robotics, Renishaw’s encoders offer low power consumption without compromising on performance. The LinACE™ cylindrical encoder, for example, provides robust linear feedback with excellent repeatability, while maintaining energy efficiency for embedded actuator systems.

Whether your application demands high-speed motion control, multi-axis synchronisation, or micron-level accuracy, Renishaw offers a high-quality encoder solution tailored to your robotic performance requirements.

Not sure which encoder suits you?


What to consider when selecting encoder systems for robotics?


The table below outlines the key factors typically evaluated when choosing an encoder system for robotic applications. These factors include encoder performance, environment conditions, installation requirements, and other relevant considerations.

Robotics

Performance

✔ Resolution
✔ Rotary range
✔ Sub-divisional error
✔ Controller input frequency
✔ Speed
✔ Readhead mass
✔ Cable flex radius
✔ Cable flex life

Environment

✔ Temperature
✔ Humidity
✔ Vibration
✔ Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
✔ Cleanliness (particle, fluid)
✔ IP rating
✔ Vacuum / exposure to X-ray radiation / lighting

Installation

✔ Size
✔ Ride height tolerance
✔ Yaw / pitch / roll
✔ Connectors
✔ Cable extension
✔ Mounting method

Others

✔ Analogue / digital
✔ Interpolation clock frequency
✔ Reference limit
✔ Protocol



Got questions? Let us help you choose!

Encoder success stories: Robotics

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Biped robot control - a quest for balance

The One of the challenges for PAL Robotics was maintaining balance while walking, which humans take for granted. There are strict space and weight constraints in the design of joints for humanoid robots to keep robot volumes and inertias as low as possible.

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To keep balance is a difficult task as we use reduction gears that introduce some elasticity or non-linearity; so for us, it's really important to get both the position of the motor and position of the joint.

PAL Robotics (Spain) Close quotation mark



High-quality encoder feedback is required for the servo-control of each joint in terms of applied torque, velocity and position. Non-contact magnetic encoders, including the AksIM™ and Orbis™ non-contact magnetic encoders, were integrated into knee, wrist and elbow joints of the robot.

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Renishaw and RLS did not try to sell us something we did not need. They thought about what it is that we needed and how they could help us with that.


Project MARCH (The Netherlands)  Close quotation mark

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Self-balancing robotic vehicle



Engineering students from Tokyo Denki University were tasked with solving the classic 'inverted pendulum' control theory problem. The challenge is to create a two-wheeled, self-balancing robotic vehicle.


To achieve the required level of motion control performance, a high-resolution position encoder was a crucial part to enable monitoring and regulation of the motor output.

It also had to be small and light enough to be accommodated within the vehicle's slim vertical structure.


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Exoskeletons - reliable feedback even after a power failure

Exoskeletons can give those with physical disabilities the potential to stand, move and interact with their environment. These complex robotic systems must have a lightweight and compact structure and they must be easy - even for physically weakened patients - to use, and all while implementing a physiologically complete biomechanical model.

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We needed encoders that met our performance criteria without adding excess weight and volume, as any excess in the structure could be detrimental to the user's mobility and might hamper the walking movement.

Marsi Bionics (Spain) Close quotation mark



Recommended encoder solutions

Robotics

For electric vehicles (EVs)

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AksIM-2™ absolute magnetic encoder

A non-contact high-performance off-axis absolute rotary encoder designed for applications with limited installation space. The compact, low-profile readhead detects and evaluates the magnetic field of a thin, axially magnetised ring.

True absolute

Improved repeatability

Built-in self-monitoring

Immunity to external magnetic fields


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ATOM™ miniature optical encoder

The miniature optical incremental linear and rotary encoder system offers innovative design combining miniaturisation with leading-edge signal stability, dirt immunity and reliability.

✔ Miniature

Advanced signal stability

Dirt immunity

✔ Reliability


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Orbis™ absolute magnetic encoder 

An through-hole rotary encoder suitable for applications where a typical encoder cannot be mounted at the end of the rotating shaft due to space constraints. The through-hole measuring principle allows customization, with various board and magnet sizes to suit your application.

✔ True absolute encoder

Fixable mounting along the shaft

Optional self-calibration

Wide installation tolerances

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RM08 miniature magnetic encoder

A compact, super small high-speed rotary magnetic encoder designed for use in harsh environments. The noncontact two part design removes the need for seals or bearings ensuring longterm reliability and simple installation.

✔ Miniature

Non-contact, frictionless design

Industry standard analogue sinusoidal, incremental, SSI and linear voltage output formats

✔ RoHS compliant

RESOLUTE™ true-absolute encoder 

The true-absolute encoder with a high-speed fine-resolution position measurement system. Position is acquired immediately on start-up without requiring any motion, offering smooth velocity control and dependable positional stability. Available with linear and rotary scales with a variety of serial interfaces.

High speed

Excellent dirt immunity

Low SDE

Low jitter

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LinACE™ absolute magnetic encoder

An extremely robust absolute linear cylindrical encoder system designed to be integrated into the servomechanism as a transducer, providing accurate measurements with excellent resolution and repeatability.

✔ Built-in self-monitoring

Integral bearings

Small footprint

Suitable for highly dynamic control loops

Speak to out manufacturing consultants

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Case Studies

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